The steal industry launched the rise of heavy industry. Steel dominated over iron production after the Civil War. It emerged in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Andrew Carnegie created a business strategy known as vertical integration in which a company would control every stage of the industrial process. It involved combining into one organization all the phases of manufacturing from a raw material to the customer.The first oil well was drilled by Edwin Drake in 1859. John D. Rockefeller took charge of the oil business by using latest technologies. The oil industry first thrived in the late 1880s by producing kerosene for oil lamps. By 1881, Standard Oil Trust controlled 90% of the oil businesses. The Standard Oil Trust was the first of the great trusts, organized through a principle of "horizontal integration" (an act joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly) that incorporated or destroyed competitors. By controlling the supply and prices their profits soared. The company justified their economic domination of their industries by claiming that only large-scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices. Oil became a large business with the invention of the internal combustion engine.