The name "Gilded Age" refers to the tremendous increase of new wealth in the 19th century caused by the Industrial Age and was given by Mark Twain. This period was characterized by scandals, corruptions, and political parties willing to make a strong stance on issues or deal with the problems that came because of industrialization. The great success hid many social problem of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government. The parties had a strong organization, the Republican usually on the state level and the Democrats in the cities. Republicans kept memories of the Civil War alive by waving the "bloody shirt", reminding the millions of veterans of the Union army and their wounds were caused by Democrats. Their strength came from me in business and the middle class. Democrats' strength came from big city political machines and immigrant vote. They objected temperance and prohibition crusades and they believes in states' rights and limited powers for federal government. The goal of each party was to gain office,p hold office, and provide government jobs. President Rutherford B. Hayes' most important act was to end Reconstruction by withdrawing the last federal troops from the South. He supported temperance and vetoed efforts to restrict Chinese immigration. In 1881, President Chester A. Arthur supported bill reforming the civil service and approved the development of a modern American navy